Published since 1923
DOI: 10.33622/0869-7019
Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) на платформе Web of Science



Contents of issue № 10 (october) 2016

  • Bases and foundations, underground structures
  • History of Development of Skyscraper Foundation Construction in Russia
  • UDC 624.15:721.011.27
    Vladimir I. TRAVUSH, e-mail: travush@mail.ru
    Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences, ul. Bol`shaya Dmitrovka, 24, Moscow 107031, Russian Federation
    Stanislav O. SHULYATEV, e-mail: shulyatevs@yandex.ru
    JSC Research Center of Construction, Research Institute of bases and underground structures (NIIOSP) named after N. M. Gersevanov, Ryazansky prospekt, 59, korp. 1, Moscow 109428, Russian Federation
    Abstract. The article gives a retrospective review of the high-rise buildings development in Russia in terms of foundations from the XVI century till present days. Interesting facts from the history of construction of such famous skyscrapers as Ivan the Great Bell Tower, Palace of the Soviets, Tatlin and Shukhov Towers, Ostankino Tower in comparison with CN Tower in Toronto, Zaryadye skyscraper, the 648 m "Russia" Tower in MIBC "Moscow-City" and many others are presented. The positive native tendencies of optimal design of bases and foundations of high-rise buildings are considered.
    Key words: high-rise construction, box-type foundation, pile foundation, development of foundation engineering in Russia.
  • REFERENCES
    1. Petruhin V. P., Shulyatev O. A. Geotehnicheskie osobennosti proektirovanija i stroitel'stva vysotnyh zdanij v Moskve [Geotechnical aspects of design and construction of high-rise buildings in Moscow]. Ros. arhit.-stroit. jencikl. Vol. XIII. Stroitel'stvo vysotnyh sooruzhenij. Moscow, 2010, pp. 360-378. (In Russian).
    2. Petruhin V.P., Kolybin I.V., Shulyatev O.A. Mirovoj opyt ustrojstva neboskrjobov i vysotnyh zdanij [Skyscraper world experience design and construction]. Ros. arhit.-stroit. jencikl. Vol. XIII. Stroitel'stvo vysotnyh zdanij i sooruzhenij. Moscow, 2010, pp. 288-327. (In Russian).
    3. Dupre J., Smith A. Skyscrapers: a history of the world's most extraordinary buildings. New York, Black Dog & Leventhal, 2013. 176 p.
    4. Poulos H. Foundation design for tall buildings. Geotechnical Engineering State of the Art and Practice. New York, 2012. Pp. 786-809.
    5. Shulyatev O. A. Skyscraper foundation. Vestnik PNIPU, 2014, no. 4, pp. 203-245. (In Russian).
    6. Cytovich N. A., Berezancev V. G., Dalmatov M. Ju., Abelev М. Ju. Osnovanija i fundamenty [Foundation engineering]. Moscow, Vysshaja shkola Publ., 1970. 384 p. (In Russian).
    7. Nikitin N. V., Mihal'chuk A. N., Travush V. I. Ostankino tower settlement analysis. Osnovanija, fundamenty i mehanika gruntov, 1970, no. 2, pp. 32-35. (In Russian).
    8. Petruhin V. P., Shulyatev O. A. Moscow-City geotechnical aspects. Razvitie gorodov i geotehnicheskoe stroitel'stvo, 2010, no. 1, pp. 1-36. (In Russian).
  • Geotechnical Design Features of High-Rise Buildings in Moscow
  • UDC 624.15:721.011.27
    Oleg А. SHULYATEV, e-mail: Lab35@niiosp.ru
    JSC Research Center of Construction, Research Institute of bases and underground structures (NIIOSP) named after N. M. Gersevanov, Ryazansky prospekt, 59, korp. 1, Moscow 109428, Russian Federation
    Abstract. The article considers the features of engineering-geological surveys, calculations and design of foundations for high-rise buildings in Moscow. The influence of the over consolidation factor, mechanical anisotropy and deformation modulus on the foundation settlement is estimated. Special attention is paid to the soil test with piles to clarify the mechanical characteristics of the soil. It is recommended to give preference to field methods for testing. Designs of foundations and the influence of an enclosing structure and lifting of the pit bottom, absolute settlement of foundations as well as the development of the settlement with time are considered. It is noted that the use of raft-pile foundations makes it possible to more successfully deal with the tilt and reduce the number of piles. When designing pile foundations it is very important to account the angle effect (overloading of corner piles and perimeter piles) and inter-influence of piles.
    Key words: raft, pile, and raft-pile foundations, high-rise buildings, foundation settlement, mechanical anisotropy, soil over-consolidation coefficient.
  • REFERENCES
    1. Petruhin V. P., Shulyatev O. A. Geotehnicheskie osobennosti proektirovanija i stroitel'stva vysotnyh zdanij v Moskve [Geotechnical aspects of design and construction of high-rise buildings in Moscow]. Rossijskaja arhitekturno-stroitel'naja jenciklopedija. Vol. XIII. Stroitel'stvo vysotnyh sooruzhenij. Moscow, VNIINTPI Publ., 2010. Pp. 360-378. (In Russian).
    2. Patent na poleznuju model' RF 130325. Opytnaja buronabivnaja svaja dlja staticheskih ispytanij [Experimental drilled pile for static load test]. Kolybin I. V., Ladyzhinskij I. G., Petruhin V. P., Shuljat'ev O. A. BI, 2013, no. 20. (In Russian).
    3. Petruhin V. P., Shulyatev O. A., Mozgacheva O. A. Nauchno-tehnicheskoe soprovozhdenie geotehnicheskogo proektirovanija i stroitel'stva vysotnyh zdanij. Monitoring [Scientific and technical support of skyscraper geotechnical design]. Rossijskaja arhitekturno-stroitel'naja jenciklopedija. Vol. XIII. Stroitel'stvo vysotnyh sooruzhenij. Moscow, VNIINTPI Publ., 2010. Pp. 336-360. (In Russian).
    4. Shuliatev O., Dzagov A., Bokov I., Shuliatev S. Correction of soil design parameters for the calculation of the foundation based on the results of barrettes static load test. Proc. of the 18th int. conf. on soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering. Paris, 2013. Pp. 615-618.
    5. Shuliatev O. A, Ladyzhensky I. G., Yastrebov P. I. Skyscrapers of "Moscow-City" business center - testing of bore piles. Proc. of the 18th int. conf. on soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering. Paris, 2013. Pp. 2859-2862.
    6. Dyhovichnyj Ju. A. N. V. Nikitin - inzhener, uchenyj, issledovatel' [N.V. Nikitin - engineer, scientist, researcher]. Beton i zhelezobeton, 1973, no. 10. (In Russian).
    7. Kharichkin A., Syuljatjev O., Besvolev S. Soil-pile Interaction in pile foundation and pile reactions monitoring. Int. conf. on deep foundations - CPRF and energy piles. Frankfurt am Main, 2009. Pp. 243-255.
    8. Hanisch J., Katzenbach R., Konig G. Kombinierte pfahl-plattengrundungen. Ernst&Sohn. 2002. 222 p.
    9. Bartolomej A. A. Osnovy rascheta lentochnyh svajnyh fundamentov po predel'no dopustimym osadkam [The theory of limit equilibrium settlements design for strip footing pile foundation]. Moscow, Strojizdat, 1982. 223 p. (In Russian).
    10. Deval'tovskij E. E. Vzaimodejstvie svaj s gruntom v svajnom fundamente [Pile-soil interaction in pile foundation]. Leningrad, 1982. 23 p. (In Russian).
    11. Poulos H. G., Davis E. H. Elastic solutions for soil and rock mechanics. University of Sydney. NSW, 2006. 423 p.
    12. Mandolini A., Russo G., Viggiani C. Pile foundation: Experimental investigation, analysis and desing. Proc. of the 16th Int. conf. soil mechanics and geotechnical eng. Osaka, Millpress, 2005. Pp. 177-213.
    13. Shulyatev O. A. Skyscraper foundation. Trudy Vserossijskoj konferencii "Fundamenty glubokogo zalozhenija i problemy osvoenija podzemnogo prostranstva" [Proceedings all-Russian conference "deep Foundations and problems of underground space development"]. Perm', 2014. Рр. 203-245.
    14. Shulyatev O. A., Harichkin A. V. Experimental investigations of pile-soil interaction in foundation. Osnovaniya, fundamenty i mehanika gruntov, 2009, no. 6, pp. 17-22. (In Russian).
    15. Katzenbach R. Сombined pile-raft foundation and energy piles - recent trend in reseach and practice. Int. conf. on deep foundations - CPRF and energy piles. Frankfurt am Main, 2009. Pp. 3-20.
    16. Petruhin V. P., Shulyatev O. A., Bokov I. V., Shulyatev S. O. Geotechnical aspects of Ohta Tower. Vysotnye zdanija. 2010, no. 6/10, pp. 82-91. (In Russian).
    17. Patenti na izobretenie RF 2549633, 2549632, 2549635. Sposob sooruzhenija svajno-plitnogo fundamenta vysotnogo zdanija [Facility method for skyscraper pile-raft foundation]. Shulyatev O. A., Bokov I. A. BI, 2015, no. 12. (In Russian).
    18. Petruhin V. P. Shulyatev O. A., Mozgacheva O. A. Novye sposoby geotehnicheskogo proektirovanija i stroitel'stva [New methods of geotechnical design]. Moscow, ASV Publ., 2015. 224 p. (In Russian).
    19. Skorikov A.V, Kolybin I. V., Razvodovsky D. E., Starshinov A. A. Behavior of plate foundation in deep excavation beneath 32-storey building in Moscow. Proc. of the 5-th Int. conf. of TC-28 of the ISSMGE. Netherlands, 15-17 June 2005. Pp. 105-109.
    20. Patent na poleznuyu model RF 63378. Fundament dlja zdanij i sooruzhenij s jekscentrisitetom [Foundation with eccentricity]. Shulyatev O. A., Egorov E. A. BI. 2007, no. 15. (In Russian).
    21. Shulyatev O. A., Pospehov V. S., Shuljat'ev S. O. From practice of design foundation and retaining wall structures of building with four substructure levels. Zhilishhnoe stroitel'stvo, 2012, no. 9, pp. 50-53. (In Russian).
    22. Patent na poleznuju model' RF 152014. Fundament dlja zdanij i sooruzhenij s jekscentrisitetom po nagruzke [Foundation with eccentricity]. Shulyatev O. A., Lesnickij V. S., Shulyatev S. O. BI, 2015, no. 12. (In Russian).
    23. Egorov K. E., Popov B. P., Kuz'min I. G. Fakticheskie osadki vysotnyh zdanij i sravnenie ih s raschjotnymi [Аctual data of skyscraper settlements]. Materialy k IV Mezhdunarodnomu kongressu po mehanike gruntov i fundamentostroeniju [Materials of the IV mezhdunar. congress on soil mechanics and foundation engineering]. Moscow, Akademija nauk SSSR Publ., 1957. (In Russian).
    24. Bokov I. A., Shulyatiev S.O. Prediction of Settlements of Multistory Buildings' foundations at development of the pavshinskaya flood-Plain and comparison of them with monitoring results. Zhilishhnoe stroitel'stvo, 2010, no. 5, pp. 2-6. (In Russian).
  • Mutual Influence of Piles through the Soil: Comparison of Analytical and Numerical Estimates
  • UDC 624.154:624.131.5
    Igor A. BOKOV, e-mail: igor.bokov@gmail.com
    Viktor G. FEDOROVSKI, e-mail: vfedor43@mail.ru
    JSC Research Center of Construction, Research Institute of bases and underground structures (NIIOSP) named after N. M. Gersevanov, Ryazansky prospekt, 59, korp. 1, Moscow 109428, Russian Federation
    Abstract. The problem of settlement of a pile under the action of axial load applied to the other pile located at some distance from the first pile is considered. The comparison of results of the problem solution of the interaction of two piles obtained both in the finite-element complex "PLAXIS 3D" and by the method for calculation of inter-influence presented in SP 24.13330.2011. The works conducted show that at qualitative conformity of these solutions, their quantitative difference is observed. Analytical (elastic) evaluation of the mutual influence of two piles in the soil overestimates additional settlements of unloaded piles at small distances between them and underestimates them at longer distances. Numerical calculations give the same, as in SP, logarithmic form of dependence of an additional settlement on the distance between piles. Great importance has the evaluation of such factors as difference in sizes of piles in the group, effect of low grillage etc. For general case of the pile group, the applicability of the simple summation of pair-wise interaction of piles causes doubt. It is proposed to continue the study of influence of the simultaneous presence of a large number of piles and to determine, according to the code of rules, the boundaries separating all the pile groups for clusters and fields.
    Key words: piles, pile settlement, numerical solution, analytical solution.
  • REFERENCES
    1. Poulos H. G., Davis E. H. Pile foundation analysis and design [Анализ и проектирование свайных фундаментов]. New York, Wiley, 1980. 397 p.
    2. Fedorovskiy V. G., Levachev S. N., Kurillo S. V., Kolesnikov Yu. M. Svai v gidrotekhnicheskom stroitel'stve [Piles in hydrotechnical construction]. Moscow, ASV Publ., 2004. 240 p. (In Russian).
    3. Barvashov V. A. The method of calculation of rigid pile grillage taking into account the mutual influence of piles. Osnovaniya, fundamenty i mekhanika gruntov, 1968, no. 3, pp. 27-28. (In Russian).
    4. Butterfield, R., Banerjee P. K. The elastic analysis of compressible piles and pile groups [Анализ решения задачи теории упругости о сжимаемых сваях и свайных группах]. Gйotechnique, 1971, no. 21(1), pp. 43-60.
    5. Poulos H. G. Analysis of the settlement of pile groups [Анализ осадки свайных групп]. Gйotechnique, 1968, no. 18(4), pp. 449-471.
    6. Muki R., Sternberg E. Elastostatic load-transfer to a half-space from a partially embedded axially loaded rod [Упругостатическая передача нагрузки в полупространство от частично внедренного стержня нагружаемого осевой нагрузкой]. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 1970, no. 6, pp. 69-90.
  • Research in Influence of Injection of Grouting Mortars on Water Permeability and Electrical Resistance of Sandy Soils
  • UDC 624.138.24
    Midekhat N. IBRAGIMOV, e-mail: midhat33@gmail.com
    Vadim V. SIOMKIN, e-mail: baltiy@yandex.ru
    Andrey V. SHAPOSHNIKOV
    JSC Research Center of Construction, Research Institute of bases and underground structures (NIIOSP) named after N. M. Gersevanov, Ryazansky prospekt, 59, korp. 1, Moscow 109428, Russian Federation
    Abstract. Issues of the injection grouting of soils by means of grouting of clay-cement, clay-silicate, and bentonite- silicate solutions when creating the anti-filtering curtain under the Aswan High Dam across the Nile in Egypt are considered. The control over works quality aimed at reducing the permeability of the curtain, which is executed by the geo-physical method, is based on measuring the electrical resistance of soils before and after the injection. The results of laboratory studies of water permeability and specific electrical resistance of sandy soils depending on the grade of filling of their pores with clay-cement, clay-silicate, and bentonite-silicate solutions are presented. As a result of studies conducted, certain regularities of changes in the water permeability and electrical resistance of sands, depending on the type of solution and pores filling degree have been revealed.
    Key words: grouting mortars, filtration coefficient of soils, geophysical method for determining electrical resistance of soils and solutions.
  • REFERENCES
    1. Malyshev N. A. The high Aswan dam. Trudy Gidroproekta, 1969, no. 16, pp. 517-537. (In Russian).
    2. Zhebenev O. P., Malyshev L. I., Popov A. V., Kotul'skij V. V. Impervious surface veil at the base of the Aswan dam. Materialy VII vsesojuznogo soveshhanija po zakrepleniju i uplotneniju gruntov. Leningrad, 1971. Pp. 155-167. (In Russian).
    3. Kuleev M. T., Kutuzov B. N., Neporozhnij V. P., Popov A. V. Protivofil'tracionnaja zavesa Asuanskoj plotiny [Impervious veil of the Aswan dam]. Moscow, Energija Publ., 1970. 183 p. (In Russian).
    4. Rzhanicyn B. A., Sergeev V. I., Stepanova E. V. Physico-chemical stability of the aluminosilicate in the body of the grout curtain of the Aswan dam. Materialy VII vsesojuznogo soveshhanija po zakrepleniju i uplotneniju gruntov. Leningrad, 1971. Pp. 167-171. (In Russian).
    5. Rzhanicyn B. A. Himicheskoe zakreplenie gruntov v stroitel'stve [Chemical grouting in construction]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1986. 264 p. (In Russian).
    6. Ibragimov M. N., Ardzhevanidze E. L. Vlijanie tamponazhnyh rastvo-rov na kojefficient fil'tracii i elektricheskoe soprotivlenie peschanyh gruntov [The influence of cement slurry on the filter coefficient and the electrical resistance of sandy soils]. Trudy NIIOSP, 1977, iss. 66. (In Russian).
  • About Calculation of Parameters of a Sinkhole
  • UDC 624.131.537:699.8:551.448
    Vladimir A. KOVALEV, e-mail: vladimir@olmproekt.ru
    Anton B. PATRIKEEV, e-mail: patrikeev@olimproekt.ru
    JSC Research Center of Construction, Research Institute of bases and underground structures (NIIOSP) named after N. M. Gersevanov, Ryazansky prospekt, 59, korp. 1, Moscow 109428, Russian Federation
    Abstract. The most frequently used analytical methods for the determination of parameters of the sinkhole as well as a technique based on the balanced state of the circular cylindrical column, the mechanism of mass suffusion, the model of Protodiakonov are considered. The proposal to determine the parameters of the sinkhole in modern software systems of finite element modeling, such as "PLAXIS" is described. The proposed numerical method of calculation makes it possible to determine the dimensions of the sinkhole in areas with different geological and hydro-geological structure of the soil body and provides the detailed outlines of the zone of sinkhole formation, which is especially important for a complex stratum of soils. The article presents the main stages of constructing the mathematical model and recommendations for the analysis of calculation results. Results of test calculations and their comparison with analytical methods are shown.
    Key words: karst, sinkhole, diameter, calculation, "PLAXIS".
  • REFERENCES
    1. Tolmachev V. V, Troitskiy G. M., Khomenko V. P. Inzhenerno-stroitel'noe osvoenie zakarstovannykh territoriy [Engineering development of karst territories]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1986. 176 p. (In Russian).
    2. Kutepov V. M., Kozhevnikova V. N. Ustoychivost' zakarstovannykh territoriy [Sustainability of the karst territories]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1989. 151 p. (In Russian).
    3. Anikiev A. V. Suffoziya. Suffusion. The mechanism and kinematics of the free suffusion. Geoekologiya, 2006, no. 6, pp. 544-553. (In Russian).
    4. Anikiev A. V. On the use of models in engineering Birbaumer kartofeleny. Sergeevskie chteniya. Modelirovanie pri reshenii geoekologicheskikh zadach. Vyp. 11. Materialy godichnoy sessii nauchnogo soveta RAN po problemam geoekologii, inzhenernoy geologii i gidrogeologii (23-24 marta 2009 g.) [Modeling for solving geoenvironmental problems. Iss. 11. Materials of year session of Scientific Council RAS on problems of geoecology, engineering geology and hydrogeology (23-24 March 2009)]. Moscow, GEOS Publ., 2009. Pp. 257-262. (In Russian).
    5. Spravochnik geotekhnika. Osnovaniya, fundamenty i pozemnye sooruzheniya [Handbook of geotechnical engineering. The bases, foundations and underground structures]. Moscow, ASV Publ., 2014. 728 p. (In Russian).
    6. Shakhunyants G. M. Zemlyanoe polotno zheleznykh dorog [The roadbed of railway]. Moscow, Transzheldorizdat Publ., 1953. 827 p. (In Russian).
    7. Bulychev N. S. Mekhanika podzemnykh sooruzheniy [Mechanics of underground structures]. Moscow, Nedra Publ., 1982. 270 p. (In Russian).
    8. Plaxis. Spravochnoe rukovodstvo [Reference guide]. Plaxis b. v. 2008. (In Russian).
  • Study of Jacked Reinforced Concrete Blunt Piles
  • UDC 624.154
    Vladimir I. KRUTOV
    Vitaliy K. KOGAY
    Vladislav A. KOGAY
    Roman Yu. PONOMAREV, e-mail: niiosp1@yandex.ru
    JSC Research Center of Construction, Research Institute of bases and underground structures (NIIOSP) named after N. M. Gersevanov, Ryazansky prospekt, 59, korp. 1, Moscow 109428, Russian Federation
    Abstract. The article presents the results of research in the further enhancement of the design of jacked and cast-in- place concrete reinforced piles in the punched holes and test results of jack concrete reinforced blunt piles. The proposed method consists in piles sinking in the preliminary punched holes at the required depth with the extended bottom made of gravel ramed into the ground. Punched holes are made by the methods of jacking of templates which have reduced sizes comparing with reinforced concrete pile and by the method of punching holes with templates with the help of hinged equipment on lifting machines and mechanisms or pile-driving equipment. Reinforced precast- concrete piles are immersed in punched holes with expanded bottom by pile-driving equipment. Unlike imbedded piles with bulb-shaped base, they have bearing capacity improved by 1.5-2.5 times. Comparing with monolithic reinforced concrete, for cast-in-place piles in punched holes with extended bottom, prefabricated reinforced concrete elements, driven piles for example, are used.
    Key words: jacked reinforced concrete piles, extended bottoms, punched holes.
  • REFERENCES
    1. Krutov V. I., Kogay V. K., Glukhov V. S. Pile foundations of piles in punched wells. Osnovaniya, fundamenty i mekhanika gruntov, 2010, no. 2, pp. 10-14. (In Russian).
    2. STO 36554501-28-2009. Proektirovanie i ustroystvo svaynykh fundamentov i uprochnennykh osnovaniy iz nabivnykh svay v probitykh skvazhinakh [Design and construction of pile foundations and reinforced bases of the piles in punched wells]. Moscow, OAO "NITs "Stroitel'stvo" Publ., 2010. (In Russian).
    3. Glukhov V. S., Khryanina O. V., Glukhova M. V. Evaluation of bearing capacity of piles in punctured wells by the results of dynamic control. Aktual'nye problemy proektirovaniya i vozvedeniya zdaniy i sooruzheniy s uchetom energosberegayushchikh tekhnologiy i metodov stroitel'stva [Actual problems of design and construction of buildings using energy saving technologies and construction methods]. Penza, PGUAS Publ., 2012. Pp. 147-150. (In Russian).
    4. Glukhov V. S., Khryanina O. V., Glukhova M. V. Improving the bearing capacity of foundations in wyrmbane pits in soft ground. Ibid. Pp. 143-147. (In Russian).
  • Experience in Design of Pile and Raft-Pile Foundations on the Plot 16 of MIBC «Moscow-City»
  • UDC 624.154.3:721.011.27
    Iosif G. LADYSHENSKI, e-mail: Igl1702773@gmail.com
    Alexey V. SERGIENKO, e-mail: Sergienko-AVS@yandex.ru
    JSC Research Center of Construction, Research Institute of bases and underground structures (NIIOSP) named after N. M. Gersevanov, Ryazansky prospekt, 59, korp. 1, Moscow 109428, Russian Federation
    Abstract. Realized design solutions of bases and foundations of 49 and 85-storey buildings in the MIBC "Moscow-City" are substantiated. The buildings have two underground floors under the high-rise parts and a one-storey stylobate. Loadings are transferred to the foundation through the central stair-lift core and columns located along the perimeter. Structures of the buildings are made of monolithic concrete. When designing raft-pile foundations of the 49-storey office building on the plot 16 of MIBC "Moscow-City", a rather difficult problem of regulated distribution of loads perceived by piles and the slab was solved via calculation and structural ways. Regulation is achieved due to the stage-by-stage inclusion of piles in operation after transferring the part of loading of the building being erected to the slab. Innovation of technical solutions on this project is protected by two patents. For the 85-storey apartment building on the same plot, for the first time, separate static tests of the lateral surface and the heel of piles have been conducted. This made it possible not only to reduce loads on the anchor pile and testing equipment, but to determine the bearing power of soil for each of two components of the pile bearing capacity.
    Key words: pile foundations, raft-pile foundations, stage-by-stage inclusion of piles in operation, separate static tests of piles.
  • REFERENCES
    1. Ladyzhenskiy I. G., Bakirov K. I. Slab-pile foundation and pile testing for the 49-storey office building on plot 16 of MIBC "Moscow-city". Sb. nauch. tr. no. 100 NIIOSP im. N. M. Gersevanova. Moscow, AO "NITS "Stroitel'stvo" Publ., 2011. 418 p.
    2. Petrukhin V. P., Kolybin I. V., Ladyzhenskiy I. G., Bakirov K. I., Sergienko A. V. The calculations of the base slab-pile foundations 49 and 85-storey buildings on plot 16 of MIBC "Moscow-city". Vysotnye zdaniya, 2012-2013, no. 5-6. p. 124.
    3. Shulyat'ev O. A. Osnovaniya i fundamenty vysotnykh zdaniy [Foundations of high-rise buildings]. Gl. 8. Osobennosti ustroystva fundamentov glubokogo zalozheniya. Moscow, ASV Publ., 2016. 391 p.
    4. Petrukhin V. P., Shulyat'ev O. A., Mozgacheva O. A. Novye sposoby proektirovaniya i stroitel'stva [New ways of design and construction]. Gl. 9. Plitno-svaynyy fundament. Moscow, ASV Publ., 2015. 224 p.
    5. Gotman A. L. Svai i svaynye fundamenty [Selected works. Piles and pile foundations]. Razd. 2. Kombinirovannye svaynye fundamenty. Ufa, 2015. 384 p.
  • Overview of Possibilities and Prospects of the Use of Observational Method
  • UDC 69.058:624.15.04
    Dmitry E. RAZVODOVSKY, e-mail: 79165206707@yandex.ru
    Igor V. KOLYBIN, e-mail: kolybin@eccpf.ru
    Ilya G. ANISIMOV, e-mail: anisimov_ig@eccpf.ru
    Nikolay N. FOKIN, e-mail: 2nfokin@mail.ru
    JSC Research Center of Construction, Research Institute of bases and underground structures (NIIOSP) named after N. M. Gersevanov, Ryazansky prospekt, 59, korp. 1, Moscow 109428, Russian Federation
    Abstract. Possible prospects of the use of the observational method which is one of the design method according to the Eurocode 7 are considered. The history of development and main provisions of the observational method; formulated by Ralph Peck, integral parts and main types of the method, capabilities and limitations of the method are presented. Differences between the traditional design process and the observational method are shown. The types of uncertainties that are often encountered in the geotechnical part of projects are given. The procedure of the application and possible examples of the methods in different situations; the principle of "stoplight" when conducting works according to the observational method; the substantiation of the method application in the form of SWOT-analysis are presented. Conditions of the implementation of the project with the help of the observational method are presented; the emergency scenarios that must be analyzed when introducing the method in the designing are listed. A possibility of the method application on the territory of our country is assessed.
    Key words: observational method, monitoring, geotechnical engineering, uncertainties.
  • REFERENCES
    1. BS EN 1997-1:2004. Eurocode 7. Geotechnical design. Part 1. General rules. [Еврокод. Разд. 7: Геотехническое проектирование. Часть 1. Общие правила]. London. 167 р.
    2. Peck R. B. Advantages and limitations of the observational method in applied soil mechanics [Преимущества и ограничения наблюдательного метода в области прикладной механики грунтов]. Gйotechnique, 1969, no. 19(2), pp. 171-187.
    3. Nicholson D., Tse C. and Penny C. The observational method in ground engineering - principles and applications. Report 185 [Наблюдательный метод в геотехнике - принципы и применение. Отчет 185], CIRIA, London, 1999. 214 p.
    4. Patel D., Nicholson D., Huybrechts N., Maertens J. The observational method in Geotechnics. Proc. of the 14th ECSMGE [Наблюдательный метод в геотехнике. Тр. 14-й Европ. конф. по механике грунтов и геотехнике], Madrid, Spain, 2007, vol. 2, pp. 365-370.
    5. Jamiolkowski M. Soil mechanics and the observational method: challenges at the Zelazny Most copper tailings disposal facility [Механика грунтов и наблюдательный метод: проблемы при устройстве хвостохранилища в г. Zelezny Most]. Gйotechnique, 2014, vol. 64, iss. 8, pp. 590-619.
    6. Ctroitel'stvo podzemnykh sooruzheniy gornym sposobom s primeneniem obdelok iz nabryzgbetona. Pravila proizvodstva rabot, kontrol' vypolneniya i trebovaniya k rezul'tatam rabot [Construction of underground constructions of mining method with the use of shotcrete lining. Rules of works, monitoring of implementation and the requirements for the results of work]. STO NOSTROY OAO "Mosinzhproekt". Moscow, Izdatel'stvo "BST", 2013. 125 p. (In Russian).
    7. STO 36554501-007-2006. Proektirovanie i ustroystvo vertikal'nogo ili naklonnogo geotekhnicheskogo bar'era metodom kom-pensatsionnogo nagnetaniya [Design and installation of vertical or inclined geotechnical barrier compensating injection method]. (In Russian).
    8. Bles T. J., de Jong, Korff M. SWOT analysis observational method applications. Proc. of the 18th International conference on soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering [Применение наблюдательного метода в виде SWOT - анализа. Тр. 18-й Междунар. конф. по механике грунтов и геотехнике]. Paris, Sept. 2-6, 2013. Pp. 1883-1887.
    9. Moskva. Geologiya i gorod [Moscow. Geology and the city]. Moscow, Moskovskie uchebniki i Kartografiya Publ., 1997. 395 p. (In Russian).
    10. Razvodovsky D. E., Astryab V. V., Baranov A. K. Some problems of geotechnical zoning of areas suitable for development, taking into account the danger of landslide slopes. Vestnik NITS "Stroitel'stvo". Geotekhnika i podzemnoe stroitel'stvo. Moscow, 2014. Pp. 30-35. (In Russian).
    11. Razvodovsky D. E. On the question of increasing the accuracy of the geotechnical forecast. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov NIIOSP im. N. M. Gersevanova. Iss. 100. Moscow, 2011. Pp. 309-321. (In Russian).
  • Assessing the Impact of Underpinning of Building Foundations Using the Jet-Grouting Technology on Its Settlements
  • UDC 69.058.4:624.159.4
    Dmitry E. RAZVODOVSKY, e-mail: 79165206707@yandex.ru
    Aleksandra A. CHEPURNOVA, e-mail: chepurnova@eccpf.ru
    JSC Research Center of Construction, Research Institute of bases and underground structures (NIIOSP) named after N. M. Gersevanov, Ryazansky prospekt, 59, korp. 1, Moscow 109428, Russian Federation
    Abstract. The underpinning of foundations with the use of jet-grouting technique can be a reason for additional settlements as a result of failure to follow technological sequence and/or the mistakes made at different stages of work performance as well as due to the underpinning process itself. New combined schemes of foundation underpinning by means of the jet-grouting technique including performance a soil-cement element of a smaller diameter in the begining of producing with the subsequent grouting of the soil massiv are proposed. The scheme allows to minimize the values of technological settlements and thus to reduce factual settlements of foundations in the process of performance of their underpinning. Examples of successful application of the proposed method at two large objects in the center of Moscow for underpinning of foundations of historical buildings, when constructing objects with multi-level underground complexes near them are presented. The aim of this study is to determine the factors influencing on the increase in technological settlements at foundation underpinning with the possibility of their mathematical simulation, which previously in most of the cases were considered as accidental and calculated justifications for them were not made. It is shown that calculated values of technological settlements obtained within stress-strain state simulation of foundation underpinned by jet-grouting teqnigue at qualitative works execution, are well correletad with the data of field observations. Assessment of minimal values of technological settlements of foundations underpinned according to jet grouting technology is made. Jet-grouting technique can be, under certain conditions, more efficient in comparence with the use of micropiles.
    Key words: geotechnical analyses, jet-grouting, monitoring, soil-cement element, technological settlement, underpinning of foundations.
  • REFERENCES
    1. Nikiforova N. S. Zakonomernosti deformirovanija osnovanij zdanij vblizi glubokih kotlovanov i zashhitnye meroprijatija [Patterns of deformation of the buildings bases near the deep pits and protective measures]. Diss. dokt. tehn. nauk. Moscow, 2008. 307 p. (In Russian).
    2. Razvodovsky D. E., Shuljat'ev O. A., Nikiforova N. S. Assessing the impact of new construction and issues incorporated for the protection of the existing buildings. Rossiyskaya arkhitekturno-stroitel'naya entsiklopediya. Moscow, VNIINTPI Publ., 2008, vol. XII, pp. 230-239. (In Russian).
    3. Shishkin V. Ja., Pogorelov A. E., Razvodovsky D. E. A study of stress-strain-state with an array of ground fixed by the combined method. Sb. tr. mezhdunar. konf. "GeoMos". Saint-Petersburg, PI "Georekonstruktsija" Publ., 2010, pp. 1651- 1658. (In Russian).
    4. Van der Stoel. AEC. Grouting for pile foundation improvement. PhD Theses. Delft, Delft University Publ., 2001. 233 p.
    5. Chepurnova A. Assessing the influence of jet-grouting underpinning on the nearby buildings. 2014. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674775514000146 (accessed 13.03.2014).
  • Definition of Relaxation Parameters of Soils under Laboratory Conditions
  • UDC 624.131.37
    Alexander N. TRUFANOV, e-mail: trufanov54@gmail.com
    Aleksandr S. AKULETSKIY, e-mail: akula.92@inbox.ru
    Anastassiya S. ZUBAREVA, e-mail: nasten_lucky@mail.ru
    JSC Research Center of Construction, Research Institute of bases and underground structures (NIIOSP) named after N. M. Gersevanov, Ryazansky prospekt, 59, korp. 1, Moscow 109428, Russian Federation
    Abstract. The article considers the problems associated with stresses decreasing in the soil after its deformation. The occurrence of the phenomenon of stress relaxation in the soil is shown on concrete examples. Basic concepts and parameters of the stress relaxation as well as existing methods of the mathematical description of this process and determination of appropriate parameters described by Russian and foreign scientists are presented. Methods providing the possibility to determine the characteristics of stress relaxation for a wide range of soil deformations in the course of one test under laboratory conditions on an automatic compression device of high stiffness are proposed. The method consists in forced step-by-step deformation of a soil sample for a set value of deformation under the condition of bilateral filtration with subsequent fixation of stress and strain. To describe the relaxation process, a linear dependence in the "stress-logarithm of time" coordinates, which has a bi-linear nature, is proposed. At this, a defining factor is a branch of the secondary deformation (creep process). As parameters of the relaxation process, it is proposed to use relaxation coefficient, which characterizes the slope and initial stress relaxation. The possibility of forecasting stress changes in soils for any selected period of time in the process of stress relaxation is shown.
    Key words: stress-strain state of soils, anthropogenic soils, geotechnical barrier, rheology, stress relaxation, branch of secondary relaxation, relaxation tests, time of relaxation, relaxation coefficient.
  • REFERENCES
    1. STO 36554501-007-2006 Proektirovanie i ustroystvo vertikal'nogo ili naklonnogo geotekhnicheskogo bar'era metodom kompensatsionnogo nagnetaniya [Design and installation of vertical or inclined geotechnical barrier by compensating discharge method]. Moscow, FGUP "NIC "Stroitelstvo" Publ., 2006. 26 p. (In Russian).
    2. Terzaghi K. Undisturbed Clay Samples and Undisturbed Clays. Journal of the boston society of civil engineers, 1941, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 211-231.
    3. Taylor D. W. Research on consolidation of clays. Department of Civil and Sanitation Engineering. Massachusetts Insitute of Technology, Cambridge. Serial 82. 147 p.
    4. Sergeev E. M., Golodkovskaya G. A., Ziangirov R. S., Osipov V. I., Trofimov V. T. Gruntovedenie [Soil mechanics]. Moscow, MGU Publ., 1971. 596 p. (In Russian).
    5. Cytovich N. A. Mekhanika gruntov [Soil mechanics]. Moscow, Vyssh. Shkola Publ., 1979. 272 p. (In Russian).
    6. Trofimov V. T., Korolev V. A., Voznesenskij E. A., Golodkovskaya G. A., Vasilchuk Yu. K., Ziangirov R. S. Gruntovedenie [Soil mechanics]. Moscow, MGU Publ., 2005. 1024 p. (In Russian).
    7. Petruhin V. P., Shulyatev O. A., Mozgacheva O. A. A method of construction of underground facilities in the area of urban development. Patent RF № 2245966. 2005. Available at: http://www.findpatent.ru/patent/224/2245966.html (accessed 15.08.2016).
    8. Yin Z.-Y., Zhu Q.-Y., Yin J.-H., Ni Q. Stress relaxation coefficient and formulation for soft soils. Geotechnique Letters, 2014, no. 4, pp. 45-51.
    9. STO 60284311-003-2012. Soils. The method of compression tests of soils in stress relaxation mode. Krasnodar, NP SRO "Kuban'StroyIzyskaniya" Publ., 2012. 10 p.
  • On the Matter of Regulatory Framework Development for Laboratory Soil Testing
  • UDC 624.131.37(083.75)
    Alexander N. TRUFANOV, e-mail: trufanov54@gmail.com
    Alexander V. ROSTOVTSEV, e-mail: 7201749@gmail.com
    JSC Research Center of Construction, Research Institute of bases and underground structures (NIIOSP) named after N. M. Gersevanov, Ryazansky prospekt, 59, korp. 1, Moscow 109428, Russian Federation
    Abstract. This paper examines the main trends in the regulatory framework development for soil laboratory investigation. The development of new State Standards, GOST in particular, covering the identification of the soil over-consolidation parameters (coefficient of soil over-consolidation, pressure of preliminary compaction, pressure of over-compaction), which are required in course of the contemporary software products application, has been proposed. The necessity to develop the standards base for determining the relaxation ratio of soil stresses has been substantiated. Issues of the regulatory framework and copyright protection when using the company standards are presented. The necessity to reconsider the tables of transition coefficients from compression tests to plate-bearing ones with the aim of improving the reliability of determination of soil deformation characteristics is shown. It is proposed to the research organizations, simultaneously with current normative documents, to use the standards of organizations which provide the possibility of expedited introduction of innovative technologies.
    Key words: regulatory framework, soil investigation, over-consolidation parameters, relaxation factor, company standard, copyright, tables of transition coefficients, compression tests, plate-bearing tests.
  • REFERENCES
    1. Boldyrev G. G. Metody opredeleniya mekhanicheskikh svoystv gruntov. Sostoyanie voprosa [Methods for determining mechanical properties of soils. The state of the question]. Penza, PGUAS Publ., 2008. 696 p. (In Russian).
    2. Strokova L. A. Account for the compaction of soil in the calculation of earth surface subsidence in the construction of tunnels. Izvestiya Tomskogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta, 2010, no. 1, vol. 316, pp. 147-151. (In Russian).
    3. Casagrande A. The determination of the pre-consolidation load and its practical significance. Proc. of the 1st intern. soil mechanics and foundation engineering conf. Harvard University Cambridge, Mass., 22-26 June, 1936, vol. 3, pp. 60-64.
    4. Trufanov A. N., Shulyat'ev O. A. New approaches to new challenges. Engineering-geological surveys for the Okhta. Vysotnye zdaniya, 2010, no. 5, pp. 90-97. (In Russian).
    5. Petrukhin V. P., Shulyat'ev O. A., Ibragimov M. N., Mozgacheva O. A. Method of stress-strain state of soil Foundation. Vestnik NITS "Stroitel'stvo", 2014, no. 10, pp. 99-109. (In Russian).
    6. Lavrov S. N. Metodika issledovaniy deformatsionnykh svoystv dispersnykh gruntov rasklinivayushchim dilatometrom v polevykh usloviyakh. Available at: http://www.dissercat.com/content/metodika-issledovanii-deformatsionnykh-svoistv-dispersnykh-gruntov-rasklinivayushchim-dilato (accessed 16.08.2016). (In Russian).
    7. Trufanov A. N. Method of stress relaxation. Osnovaniya, fundamenty i mekhanika gruntov, 2012, no. 5, pp. 7-11. (In Russian).
    8. STO 60284311-003-2012. Grunty. Metod kompressionnykh ispytaniy gruntov v rezhime relaksatsii napryazheniy [Soils. The method of compression soil tests in the regime of stress relaxation]. Krasnodar, NP SRO "Kuban'StroyIzyskaniya" Publ., 2012. 10 p. (In Russian).
  • Seasonal Changes in Efforts of Excavation Shoring
  • UDC 624.152.63
    Ilya V. KHRITIN, e-mail: ilyas-niiosp@yandex.ru
    JSC Research Center of Construction, Research Institute of bases and underground structures (NIIOSP) named after N. M. Gersevanov, Ryazansky prospekt, 59, korp. 1, Moscow 109428, Russian Federation
    Abstract. When excavating the pit under conditions of seasonal temperature drops, it is necessary to take into account the impact of this factor on the change in the stress-strain state of structures of excavation shoring. For this purpose, the experimental and technological department of NIIOSP named after N. M. Gersevanov has analyzed the dependence of the increment of efforts caused by temperature changes in spacer structures of enclosing walls of the pits excavated in sandy soils with due regard for the compliance of their walls. A series of calculations for the pit of 6 m depth with an enclosing structure in the form of "slurry wall" with the single-stage spacer system of metal pipes was performed with the help of the geotechnical program "PLAXIS 2D". Temperature impacts on the spacers were simulated in calculations with set displacements at one of the spacer end equal to its free temperature elongation in the absence of obstacles. The resistance of the soil behind the enclosure of the pit at the other end of the strut prevents the strut movement in the direction of the ground, causing additional efforts in it. On the basis of calculation results, the analysis of the degree of influence of various factors, such as temperature drop, deformation and strength characteristics of soils, lengths of struts, on the increase in efforts in the spacers was made. It is established that the increment in efforts in struts of the pit with flexible enclosure is 2.5 times lesser than the same increments determined for spacers with rigidly fixed ends.
    Key words: pit enclosure, temperature effects, temperature drop, increments in efforts, extension of struts due to temperature increases, soil compliance.
  • REFERENCES
    1. Gordeev V. N., Lantukh-Lyashchenko A. I., Pashnskiy V. A., et al. Nagruzki i vozdeystviya na zdaniya i sooruzheniya [Loads and effects on buildings and structures]. Moscow, ASV Publ., 2007. 482 p. (In Russian).
    2. Panteleev N. N., Bezgemmer D. A. Investigation of the stress-strain state of cylindrical buildings with temperature exposure. Izvestiya vuzov. Stroitel'stvo, 2011, no. 11, pp. 105-112. (In Russian).
    3. Buadze I. E., Gagnidze I. Sh., Ksenidi V. S. About features of calculation of large-panel buildings on temperature effects. Stroitel'naya mekhanika i raschet sooruzheniy, 2014, no. 3, pp. 39-42. (In Russian).
    4. Shapiro G. I., Korovkin V. S. On the Problem of Stressed-Deformated State of Residential and Public Buildings under Thermal Effect. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel'stvo, 2008, no. 12, pp. 5-8. (In Russian).
    5. Al'khimenko A. I., Snegirev A. I. The influence of the temperature circuit in the construction of voltage in load-bearing structures. Inzhenerno-stroitel'nyy zhurnal, 2008, no. 2, pp. 8-16. (In Russian).
    6. Petrukhin V. P., Shulyat'ev O. A., Mozgacheva O. A. Novye sposoby geotekhnicheskogo proektirovaniya i stroitel'stva [New methods of geotechnical design and construction]. Moscow, ASV Publ., 2015. 224 p. (In Russian).
    7. Kolybin I. V. Underground structures and excavations in urban environments - the experience of the last decade. Sb. tr. Yubileynoy konferentsii, posvyashchennoy 50-letiyu ROMGGiF "Rossiyskaya geotekhnika - shag v XXI vek" [Proceedings of the Jubilee conference dedicated to the 50th anniversary of ROMGGiF "Russian geotechnics - a step in the XXI century"]. Vol. I. Moscow, ROMGGiF Publ., 2007, pp. 114-153. (In Russian).
    8. Il'ichev V. A., Mangushev R. A., Nikiforova N. S. Experience of development of underground space of Russian cities. Osnovaniya, fundamenty i mekhanika gruntov, 2012, no. 2, pp. 15-17. (In Russian).
    9. Nikiforova N. S. Zakonomernosti deformirovaniya osnovaniy zdaniy vblizi glubokikh kotlovanov i zashchitnye meropriyatiya [Regularities of deformation of the buildings near deep excavations and protective measures]. Moscow, NIIOSP im. N. M. Gersevanova Publ., 2008. 324 p. (In Russian).
    10. Kolybin I. V. Lessons emergency situations during the construction of Foundation pits in urban environments. Razvitie gorodov i geotekhnicheskoe stroitel'stvo, 2008, no. 12, pp. 90-124. (In Russian).
  • Forecast of Changes with Time in Settlements of Buildings of a High-Rise Complex and Its Verification According to Monitoring Data
  • UDC 624.154.3:721.011.27:528.482
    Vladimir I. SHEYNIN, e-mail: geo-mech@yandex.ru
    JSC Research Center of Construction, Research Institute of bases and underground structures (NIIOSP) named after N. M. Gersevanov, Ryazansky prospekt, 59, korp. 1, Moscow 109428, Russian Federation
    Abstract. On the example of calculation of bases of high-rise buildings of one of the residential complexes of Moscow, a forecast of dependences of settlements and tilts on the time since the beginning of construction has been made. The schemes of preparation of engineering-geological data and data on the growth with time of the load on the base for computer calculatiopns, the procedure for determining dependences on the time of evaluation of settlement executed with due regard for consolidation of a part of the soil body within the limits of the compressible depth and the soil drilling under the pile foots are briefly described. It is established that calculated and measured dependences of settlements on the time are mainly well correlated. It is proposed to generate the final forecasted settlement values by means of inter-correction of computation results and monitoring data. Recommendations regarding the formulation of requirements for the maximum admissible values of settlements and tilts of high-rise buildings are made.
    Key words: high-rise buildings, settlements computation, accounting for foundation irregularities allowance, geodetic measurements, comparison and mutual correction of the results.
  • REFERENCES
    1. Petrukhin V. P., Kolybin I. V., Sheynin V. I. Geotechnical features of the design and construction of high-rise buildings. Vysotnye zdaniya, 2007, no. 1, pp. 42-43. (In Russian).
    2. Il'ichev V. A., Petrukhin V. P., Sheynin V. I. Principles for the design of bases and foundations of tall buildings based on their geotechnical characteristics. Sovremennoe vysotnoe stroitel'stvo [Modern construction]. Moscow, ITTs Moskomarkhitektury Publ., 2007. Pp. 156-160. (In Russian).
    3. Petrukhin V. P., Kolybin I. V., Shulyat'ev O. A. World experience of foundations of skyscrapers and high-rise buildings. Ros. arkhit.-stroit. еntsikl. [Russian architecture and construction encyclopedia]. Vol. XIII. Stroitel'stvo vysotnykh zdaniy i sooruzheniy. Moscow, VNIINTPI Publ., 2010. Pp. 288-327. (In Russian).
    4. Razvodovskiy D. E., Fedorovskiy V. G., Sheynin V. I., Kolybin I. V. Features of design of bases, foundations and structures of underground parts of tall buildings and structures. Ros. arkhit.-stroit. entsikl. [Russian architecture and construction encyclopedia]. Vol. XIII. Stroitel'stvo vysotnykh zdaniy i sooruzheniy. Moscow, VNIINTPI Publ., 2010. Pp. 327-336. (In Russian).
    5. Sheynin V.I., Sarana E. P., Artemov S. A., Favorov A. V., Orekhov M. V., Tatarinov A. V. Comparison of results of calculation of the forecast sediment and banks of high-rise buildings and the values, obtained according to geotechnical monitoring. Sb. nauch. tr [Collection of scientific papers]. Iss. 100. Moscow, OAO "NITs "Stroitel'stvo", NIIOSP im. N. M. Gersevanova Publ., 2011. Pp. 391-407. (In Russian).
    6. Sheynin V. I., Artemov S. A., Sarana E. P., Favorov A. V., Garshin P. A. The formalization of engineering geological information and its preparation for use in a computer geotechnical calculations. Osnovaniya, fundamenty i mekhanika gruntov, 2005, no. 6, pp. 13-18. (In Russian).
    7. Sheynin V. I., Artemov S. A., Sarana E. P., Favorov A. V. A practical scheme for calculating the residue of the grounds slab foundations of arbitrary shape in the plan taking into account the spatial heterogeneity of the soil massif. Tezisy dokl. nauch. sessii MOO "Prostranstvennye konstruktsii" [Abstracts of the scientific session of the MOO "Spatial design"]. Moscow, RAASN Publ., 2005. Pp. 25-26. (In Russian).
    8. Sheynin V. I., Sarana E. P., Artemov S. A., Favorov A. V. The algorithm and the program of engineering calculation of sediment slabs taking into account the uneven load on the ground and the inhomogeneity of the array. Osnovaniya, fundamenty i mekhanika gruntov, 2006, no. 5, pp. 2-7. (In Russian).
    9. Sarana E. P., Sheynin V. I. Improvement of the methods of engineering calculation of sediment and roll design of high-rise buildings. Osnovaniya, fundamenty i mekhanika gruntov, 2007, no. 6, pp. 2-5. (In Russian).
    10. Sheynin V. I., Sarana E. P. Engineering design of sediment and banks of the foundations of nearby high-rise buildings. Tr. Mezhdunar. konf. "GeoMos" [Proceedings of the International conference "Geomos"]. Moscow, 2010. Pp. 1709-1718. (In Russian).
    11. Ukhov S. B., Sheynin V. I. Forecast sediment two-layer Foundation with the increase of the "active" power is consolidating the bottom layer with the growth surface load in time. Osnovaniya, fundamenty i mekhanika gruntov, 2004, no. 3, pp. 2-5. (In Russian).
  • Building structures, buildings and facilities
  • Lightweight Slabs of Multistory Buildings with a Steel Frame
  • UDC 624.016.7:69.025.22/222
    Aleksandr R. TUSNIN, e-mail: valeksol@mail.ru
    National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Yaroslavskoe shosse, 26, Moscow 129337, Russian Federation
    Abstract. When constructing structures with a steel frame, it is very important to select a rational design. One of the possible variants is lightweight slabs which are assembled from small-size elements of a maximum prefabrication. These floors are widely used not only in low-rise construction, but also in multi-story buildings. These structures are characterized by a minimum amount of monolithic works on the construction site, can be mounted without lifting mechanisms, reducing the load on the frame. When using lightweight floors it is necessary to solve the problem of formation of the overlap rigid disk with the help of additional horizontal braces. The use of sound-insulating fillings made of sand, slag, expanded clay increases the weight of the slab. The use of sound insulation from mineral wool, polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam, foam glass and other materials makes it possible to significantly reduce such load. Some options for lightweight slabs of small-size elements and profiled sheeting are considered. Recommendations on the arrangement of horizontal overlap bonds for form the horizontal rigid disk are made.
    Key words: steel frame, multi-storey building, gypsum concrete slabs, light concrete inserts, small-size reinforced concrete slabs, profiled flooring, horizontal bonds.
  • REFERENCES
    1. Rekomendatsii po proektirovaniyu monolitnyih zhelezobetonnyih perekryitiy so stalnyim profilirovannyim nastilom [Recommendations for the design of monolithic reinforced concrete slabs with profiled steel decking]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1987. 67 p. (In Russian).
    2. STO 0047-2005. Perekryitiya stalezhelezobetonnyie s monolitnoy plitoy po stalnomu profilirovannomu nastilu [Reinforced concrete slab with a monolithic slab on profiled steel decking]. Moscow, TSNIIPSK im. Melnikova Publ., 2005. 66 p. (In Russian).
    3. Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures. 2004.
    4. Tusnin A. R. Floors of multi-storey buildings with steel frames. Promyishlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitelstvo, 2015, no. 8, pp. 10-14. (In Russian).
    5. Hart F., Henn V., Zontag H. Atlas stalnyih konstruktsiy [Catalogue of steel structures]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1977. 352 p. (In Russian).
    6. Konstruktsii grazhdanskih zdaniy [Design of civil buildings]. Moscow, Arhitektura-S Publ., 2007. 240 p. (In Russian).
    7. Solovyov A. K., Tusnina V. M. Arhitektura zdaniy [The architecture of the buildings]. Moscow, Akademiya Publ., 2014. 336 p. (In Russian).
    8. Okutu K. A., et al. Steel-timber hybrid floors-lowering the embodied impacts of steel frame multi-storey construction. 7th European conference on steel and composite structures, September 10-12, 2014, Naples.
    9. Kutuhtin E. G., Spiridonov V. M., Hromets Yu. N. Legkie konstruktsii odnoetazhnyih proizvodstvennyih zdaniy [Lightweight construction single storey industrial buildings]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1988. 264 p. (In Russian).
    10. STO 0043-2005. Nastilyi stalnyie profilirovannyie dlya pokryitiy zdaniy i sooruzheniy [Profiled steel decking for buildings and structures]. Moscow, TSNIIPSK im. Melnikova, 2005. 36 p. (In Russian).
  • Architecture of buildings and structures. Town planning
  • Structural Solutions of Large-Panel Buildings of a New Generation
  • UDC 69.057.12-413
    Arkady V. ZAKHAROV, e-mail: zaharov.arkady@yandex.ru
    Marina P. LEONTYEVA, e-mail: 3648647@gmail.com
    National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Yaroslavskoe shosse, 26, Moscow 129337, Russian Federation
    Abstract. Currently used structural systems of large-panel dwelling buildings in Russia are analyzed. Shortcomings of existing structural systems with transverse and longitudinal walls of the modern prefabricated house-building are identified; requirements for layout schemes of these buildings are substantiated. The design developed by the Central Research and Design Institute for Residential and Public Buildings (TSNIIEPzhilishcha) is analyzed. The following requirements are made for the structural conceptions of these buildings: ensuring the strength including the prevention of progressive collapse, retention of the form and resistance to toppling over of a building both as a whole and its individual elements under external impacts. To solve the set tasks, a large-panel house with longitudinal bearing walls of 42 m length, zig-zag walls composed of L- shaped in plan panels stable in the process of erection and operation of the building is proposed. The total stability of the building is provided by transverse panels located at the ends of sections, and panels enclosing the staircase and elevator block. Results of the calculation of the proposed structural scheme of the building for the earthquake impact are presented. The comparison of the oscillation frequency of the waves generated by the seismic impact with frequencies of self-induced vibrations has been executed, and the conclusion about the possibility to construct the building of different height according to this structural scheme has been made. The static analysis has been made, and the required calculated reinforcement of the overlapping disk for accommodating the seismic load and load of progressive collapse has been determined.
    Key words: large-panel houses, longitudinal bearing walls, prefabricated house-building industry, building sustainability, earthquake impact, frequency of self-induced vibrations.
  • REFERENCES
    1. Volodin V. Panel construction. A modern classic. Available at: http://www.krasmetr.ru/press/articles/635/ (accessed 21.07.2016). (In Russian).
    2. Drozdov P. F., Sebekin I. M. Proektirovanie krupnopanel'nykh zdaniy [Design of large-panel buildings]. Moscow, Izdatel'stvo literatury po stroitel'stvu Publ., 1967. 417 p. (In Russian).
    3. Zakharov A. V., Zabalueva T. R., Leont'eva M. P. Large panel buildings with longitudinal bearing walls - the solution of the housing problem in Russia. Materialy III Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii "Fundamental'naya nauka i tekhnologii - perspektivnye razrabotki" [Proc. of the III International scientific-practical conference "Fundamental science and technologies - promising developments" (24-25 April 2014)]. North Charleston, USA : spc Academic, 2014. Vol. 1, pp. 1-6. (In Russian).
    4. Nikolaev S. V. SPKD - system housing for future generations. Zhilishchnoe stroitel'stvo, 2013, no. 1, pp. 2-4. (In Russian).
    5. Nikolaev S. V., Shreyber A. K., Khayutin Yu. G. The innovative system of panel-frame construction. Zhilishchnoe stroitel'stvo, 2014, no. 5, pp. 3-8. (In Russian).
    6. Nikolaev S. V. Panel and frame buildings of the new generation. Zhilishchnoe stroitel'stvo, 2013, no. 8, pp. 2-10. (In Russian).
    7. Nikolaev S. V. Social housing in the new phase of improvement. Zhilishchnoe stroitel'stvo, 2013, no. 3, pp. 2-8. (In Russian).
    8. Zakharov A. V., Zabalueva T. R., Leont'eva M. P. New approaches to large-panel construction with longitudinal bearing walls. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel'stvo, 2014, no. 7, pp. 66-69. (In Russian).
    9. Kozyrev K. V. The limits of applicability of the theory of earthquake resistance. Seysmicheskaya bezopasnost'. Available at: http://seismics.kvkozyrev.org/ (accessed 17.08.2016). (In Russian).
    10. Kozyrev K. V. The principles of resonant approach in seismic science. Seysmicheskaya bezopasnost'. Available at: http://seismics.kvkozyrev.org/ (accessed 17.08.2016). (In Russian).
    11. Zakharov A. V., Drozdov M. M. Some construction methods of vibration protection of residential buildings located close to subway lines shallow. Sb. tezisov dokladov Kemerovskogo nauchno-tekhnicheskogo ob"edineniya [Sb. abstracts of the Kemerovo scientific-technical enterprises]. Novokuznetsk, KNTO Publ., 1978. Pp. 50-57. (In Russian).
    12. Klyukin I. I. Bor'ba s shumom i zvukovoy vibratsiey na sudakh [Combating noise and sonic vibration in ships]. Moscow, Gosudarstvennoe izdatel'stvo literatury po stroitel'stvu i arkhitekture Publ., 1957. 416 p. (In Russian).
  • Economics, management, marketing
  • Prediction of Effect of Input Housing Volumes on Characteristics of the Real Estate Market of Moscow
  • UDC 69.003:658.152.011.46
    Il'ya L. KIEVSKIY, e-mail: mail@dev-city.ru
    Jurij A. MAREEV, e-mail: mail@dev-city.ru
    Rimma L. KIEVSKAJA, e-mail: mail@dev-city.ru
    Research and Design Center "City Development", Prospect Mira, 19, str., 3, Moscow 129090, Russian Federation
    Abstract. Assessment of the impact of input housing volumes on the characteristics of the housing market is made. The authors propose the forecast of the influence of planned volumes of commissioning of housing on the real estate market of Moscow at current trends; the forecast of required housing commissioning in 2016-2018, when the volume of offerings at the market of new housing of Moscow at the level of 2015 and 2014; the forecast of the impact of planned volumes of commissioning of housing at the real estate market of Moscow with the recovery of consumer demand of 2014 by 2018, and with the stabilization of consumer demand in the period of 2016- 2018 at the level of 2015, etc. Depending on the variants of dynamics of consumer demand for primary housing determined largely by the socio-economic situation in the country, the regulation of volumes of housing commissioning can have a significant influence on the market of residential real estate, its price targets, and investment attractiveness.
    Key words: volume of housing commissioning, residential real estate, weighted average price, demand, volume of supply, satisfied demand.
  • REFERENCES
    1. Mareev Yu. A., Kievskaya R. L. Moscow real estate market as an indicator of the effectiveness of urban planning decisions. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel'stvo, 2014, no. 3, pp. 10-15. (In Russian).
    2. Kievskiy L. V., Kievskaya R. L. Influence of town-planning decisions on the markets of real estate. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel'stvo, 2013, no. 6, pp. 27-31. (In Russian).
    3. Kievskiy L. V. Kompleksnost' i potok (organizatsiya zastroiki mikroraiona) [The complexity and the flow (organization development of the neighborhood)]. Moscow, Stroiizdat Publ., 1987. 136 p. (In Russian).
    4. Kievskiy L.V., Kievskiy I.L. Multiplier effects of the Moscow construction complex. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 2016, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 739-746. Available at: http://www.ripublication.com (accessed 27.06.2016).
    5. Kievskiy L. V. Мultiplicative effects of construction activity. Naukovedenie, 2014, no. 3(22), pp. 104-109. URL: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/multiplikativnye-effekty-stroitelnoy-deyatelnosti (accessed 27.06.2016). (In Russian).
    6. Kievskiy I. L., Khaikin V.G. The main directions of the Moscow city government program "Housing" for 2012-2016. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel'stvo, 2011, no. 9, pp. 55-57. (In Russian).
    7. Kievskiy L. V., Horkina G. А. Realization of priorities of urban policy for the balanced development of Moscow. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel'stvo, 2013, no. 8, pp. 54-57. (In Russian).
    8. Kievskiy L. V., Kievskiy I. L., Mareev Yu. A. International rankings of cities as the criteria for urban development. Zhilishchnoe stroitel'stvo, 2015, no. 11, pp. 3-8. (In Russian).
    9. Kievskiy L. V., Kievskaya R. L., Mareev Yu. A. Basic methodological directions of formation of urban ranking. Zhilishchnoe stroitel'stvo, 2015, no. 12, pp. 3-8. (In Russian).
    10. Levkin S. I., Kievskiy L. V., Shirov A. A. Multiplicative effect of Moscow building complex. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel'stvo, 2014, no. 3, pp. 3-9. (In Russian).
    11. Kievskiy L. V., Shul'zhenko S. N., Volkov A. A. Investment policy the developer at the stage of preparation of the organizational. Vestnik MGSU, 2016, no. 3, pp. 111-121. (In Russian).
    12. Shul'zhenko S. N., Kievskiy L. V., Volkov A. A. Improving the methodology for assessing the level of the organizational preparation of areas of concentrated construction. Vestnik MGSU, 2016, no. 3, pp. 135-143. (In Russian).
  • Water supply, sewerage, building systems of water resources protection
  • The Use of Ultrasound within Coagulation Process
  • UDC 628.16:534-8.004.14
    Vera B. VIKULINA, e-mail: vikulinp@yandex.ru
    Pavel D. VIKULIN, e-mail: vikulinp@yandex.ru
    National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Yaroslavskoe shosse, 26, Moscow 129337, Russian Federation
    Abstract. Under the impact of ultrasound physical-chemical effects take place in the water environment. They are alternation of compressions and exhaustion of the environment, disbalance (sound wind); they lead to intensive mixing, appearance of air bubbles in water, acceleration of oxidative-reduction reactions, change in the sedimentation process, sorption etc. All this contributes to the change in coagulation speed of already coagulated suspended substances. Theoretical research in the influence of ultrasound vibrations on the coagulation processes of suspended substances in water treatment by physical methods broadens the field of their use. The aim of this work is the theoretical substantiation of the ultrasound influence on the sedimentation of suspended substances related to the dose of coagulant. This is so due to a specific influence of ultrasound on liquid environment. Enhancement of calculation techniques broadens the use of ultrasound. The calculation of ultrasound influence which makes it possible to reveal the regular connection of the coagulant dose and the duration of the impact of ultrasound on the water environment in the course of sedimentation of suspended substances. The formula of dependence of reduction of suspended substances concentration on the dose of coagulant and duration of ultrasonic treatment has been theoretically obtained. The calculation condition is the impact of ultrasound on the water with clay particles before the coagulant introduction. The mechanism of coagulation process due to the partial transfer of energy of ultrasonic field to suspended clay substances has been developed. A suggested method of calculation makes it possible to predict the reduction in the dose of coagulant at sedimentation of suspended substances in the water environment.
    Key words: ultrasound, coagulation, sedimentation, charge of particles, coagulant.
  • REFERENCES
    1. Fizika i tekhnika moshchnogo ul'trazvuka [Physics and technique of powerful ultrasound]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1970. Vol. 3. 266 p. (In Russian).
    2. Ul'trazvuk. Malen'kaya entsiklopediya [Ultrasound. Little encyclopedia]. Moscow, Sovetskaya entsiklopediya Publ., 1979. 400 p. (In Russian).
    3. Vikulina V. B. The question of the application of ultrasound for the treatment of natural waters. Voprosy gidravliki i vodosnabzheniya, no. 174. Sb. nauch tr. Moscow, MISI Publ., 1980. Pp. 195-200. (In Russian).
    4. Vikulin P. D. Fiziko-khimicheskie proyavleniya akusticheskogo polya v tekhnologiyakh konditsionirovaniya vody [Physico-chemical manifestation of the acoustic field in the technologies of water conditioning]. Moscow, ASV Publ., 2004. 251 p. (In Russian).
  • Building materials and products
  • The Properties Of Light-Weight Masonry Mortars With Dispersed Fiber Reinforcement
  • UDC 691.53
    Vyacheslav S. SEMENOV1, e-mail: science-isa@yandex.ru
    Tamara A. ROZOVSKAYA2, e-mail: t.rozovskaia@gidrozo.ru
    Aleksandr Y. GUBSCKIY1, e-mail: levian21@bk.ru
    Rozalina R. GUBSKAYA1, e-mail: rozalina-gareeva@mail.ru
    1 National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Yaroslavskoe shosse, 26, Moscow 129337, Russian Federation
    2 Gydrozo, ul. Sel'skokhozyaystvennaya, 18/3, Moscow 129226, Russian Federation
    Abstract. The article is devoted to the production of lightweight mortars with dispersed reinforcement using polyacrylic and chrysotile fibers as reinforcing components. The dispersed fiber reinforcement can improve such performance characteristics of mortars as crack resistance, frost resistance and durability. The technological, environmental and economic aspects of the use of chrysotile and polyacrylic fibers in the mortar compositions have been considered. The influence of fiber consumption on the basic properties of mortars - water-holding capacity, average density, compressive strength, tensile bending strength and water resistance has been studied. The research works used standard procedures. A comparison of physical and mechanical properties of the developed mortars with the polyacrylic and chrysotile fibers has been done, the results of microstructural analysis of the mortar samples have been shown as well. A lightweight masonry mortar with hollow ceramic microspheres has been developed and this mortar can be used in the process of erection of enclosing structures for residential and public buildings made of effective wall materials.
    Key words: warm masonry mortars, hollow ceramic microspheres, polyacrylic fiber, chrysotile fiber, dispersed fiber reinforcement, masonry mortar.
  • REFERENCES
    1. Derevjanko V. N., Salamaha L. V., et al. The influence on the properties of high modulus fibers mortars. Vestnik Pridneprovskoy gosudarstvennoy akademii stroitel'stva i arkhitektury, 2011, no. 10(163), pp. 8-11. (In Russian).
    2. Vasilik P. G., Golubev I. V. The use of fiber in the dry construction mixtures. Stroitel'nye materialy, 2002, no. 9, pp. 26-27. (In Russian).
    3. Dvorkin L. I., Dvorkin O. L. Asbestos cement. Betonnaja tendernaja sistema. Available at: http://m350.ru/articles/more/v/id/117/ (accessed 12.04.2016). (In Russian).
    4. Gudkova E.A., Vezencev A.I. On the question of the biological activity of chrysotile asbestos. Uspehi sovremennogo estestvoznanija, 2004, no. 2, pp. 100-101. (In Russian).
    5. Smirnova Ju. V., Komkova A. V. Problems of the effective application of chrysotile asbestos in the building complex of Russia. Sovremennye naukoemkie tehnologii, 2013, no. 10(1), pp. 81-82. (In Russian).
    6. Zhukov A. D., Nejman S. M. On the application hrizotiltsementnyh products in building constructions. Stroitel'stvo i remont. Available at: http://ugroza.net/hrizotilcementnye-izdelija-chast-1.html (accessed 14.04.2016). (In Russian).
    7. Kovalevsky E.V., Kashansky S.V. Regulation and methodic background for safe controlled usage of chrysotile asbestos in Russia. Medicina truda i promyshlennaja jekologija, 2011, no. 5, pp. 44-48. (In Russian).
    8. Adib G., Labreche F., De Guir L., et al. Short, fine and WHO asbestos fibers in the lungs of Quebec workers with an asbestossrelated disease. Am. J. Ind. Med, 2013, vol. 56 (9), pp. 1001-1014.
    9. Vezencev A. I., Gudkova E. A., Pylev L. N., Smirnova O. V. On the question of change of surface and biological properties of chrysotile asbestos. Stroitel'nye materialy, 2008, no. 9, pp. 26-27. (In Russian).
    10. Vezencev A. I., Nejman S. M., Gudkova E. A. Transformation and change the properties of chrysotile asbestos under the influence of various factors. Stroitel'nye materialy, 2006, no. 6, pp. 104-105. (In Russian).
    11. Semenov V. S., Rozovskaya T. A., Oreshkin D. V. Properties of the dry masonry mixtures with hollow ceramics microspheres. Advanced Materials Research, 2014, vol. 860-863, pp. 1244-1247. (In Russian).
    12. Semenov V. S., Rozovskaya T. A. The dry masonry mixes with hollow ceramic microspheres. Nauchnoe obozrenie, 2013, no. 9, pp. 195-199. (In Russian).
    13. Semenov V. S., Rozovskaya T. A. Improvement of energy efficiency of enclosing structures with the use of lightweight masonry mortars. Stroitel'nye materialy, 2015, no. 6, pp. 16-19. (In Russian).
    14. Pereira-de-Oliveira L. A., Castro-Gomes J. P., Nepomuceno M. C. S. Effect of acrylic fibres geometry on physical, mechanical and durability properties of cement mortars. Construction and Building Materials, 2012, vol. 27, iss. 1, pp.189-196.
  • Heat and Mass Transfer in Seam Roofing Insulation
  • UDC 536.491:699.86
    Alexey D. ZHUKOV, e-mail: lj211@yandex.ru
    Dmitriy B. ZELENCHIKOV, e-mail: zdb@akado-s.ru
    Yulia V. GLOTOVA, e-mail: glotova_y@mail.ru
    Matvey D. TYULENEV, e-mail: tymatvey@mail.ru
    Yulia V. SAZONOVA, e-mail: iu.sazonowa@yandex.ru
    National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Yaroslavskoe shosse, 26, Moscow 129337, Russian Federation
    Abstract. The article considers regularities of insulation functioning in the systems of pitched seam roof. The pitched seam roof, as well as any metal roof with a ventilated space, involves significant temperature and humidity loads on insulation layers associated with the daily and seasonal changes in weather conditions. This makes it reasonable to study heat and mass transfer in the insulating layer to form the requirements for thermal insulation materials and recommendations for their use. A special imitation stand was designed for research. Heat flows through the insulation layers depending on the different temperature and humidity conditions on the outer and inner surfaces, the air velocity in the ventilated gap were recorded and as well as the change in material properties during the testing was controlled at this stand. Research has shown that the thermal insulation material should be non-combustible, and at a low average density has stable strength characteristics, as well as operational stability which minimizes the degradation of material properties under the effect of alternating temperatures, non-stationary air flow velocity in the ventilated gap and heat and substance flows through thermal insulation layers.
    Key words: heat and mass transfer, seam roof, thermal conductivity, imitation stand, porous structure, mineral fiber.
  • REFERENCES
    1. Rumiancev B. M., Zhukov A. D., Smirnova T. V. Energetic efficiency and methodology of production of termal insulating materials. Internet-Vestnik VolgGASU, 2014, no. 4 (35). Available at: http://vestnik.vgasu.ru/attachments/3RumyantsevZhukovSmirnova.pdf (In Russian).
    2. Ponomarev V. B. Improvement of production technology and quality of thermal insulation and composite materials based on glass and mineral fibers. Mezhdunarodnaya nauch.-prakt. konf. "Effektivnye teplo- i zvukoizolyatsionnye materialy v sovremennom stroitel'stve i ZhKKh [International Scientific-Practical Conference "Effective thermal and sound insulation materials in modern construction and Housing and Utilities"]. Moscow, MGSU Publ., 2006, pp. 42-44. (In Russian).
    3. Zhukov A. D., Smirnova T. V., Zelenshchikov D. B., Khimich A. O. Thermal treatment of the mineral wool mat [Термическая обработка минераловатных изделий]. Advanced Materials Research, 2014, vol. 838-841, pр. 196-200.
    4. Zhukov A. D., Orlova A. M., Naumova T. A., Nikushkina T. P., Mayorova A. A. Environmental aspects of the formation of the insulating sheath of buildings. Nauchnoe obozrenie, 2015, no. 7, pp. 209-212. (In Russian).
    5. Gnip I., Vaitkus S., Kersulis V., Vejelis S. Long-term prediction of creep strains of mineral wool slabs under constant compressive stress [Долгосрочный прогноз деформаций ползучести минераловатных плит при постоянном сжимающем напряжении]. Mechanics of Time-dependent Materials, 2012, no. 16, pр. 31-46.
    6. Lienhard J. H. Heat transfer [Теплопередача]. Cambridge, MA: Phlogiston Press, 2003. 749 p.
    7. Raimondas B., Rolandas S. The peculiarities of determining thermal conductivity coefficient of low density fibrous materials [Особенности определения коэффициента теплопроводности волокнистых материалов низкой плотности]. Materials Science (Medziagotyra), 2001, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 280-284.
    8. Perfilov V. A., Pilipenko A. S., Pyataev E. R. Operating stability of mineral wool products. Vestnik MGSU, 2016, no. 3, pp. 79-85. (In Russian).
    9. Isaev S. A., Guvernyuk S. V., Zubin M. A., Prigorodov Yu. S. Numerical and physical modeling of a low-velocity air flow in a channel with a circular vortex cell [Численное и физическое моделирование низкоскоростного воздушного потока в канале с круговой вихревой ячейкой]. Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics, 2000, vol. 73, no. 2, pp. 337-344.
    10. Zhukov A. D., Naumova N. V., Mustafaev R. M., Mayorova N. A. Simulation of properties of highly porous materials with combined structure. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel'stvo, 2014, no. 7, pp. 39-42. (In Russian).
    11. Bergonnier S., Hild F., Rieunier J-B., Roux S. Strain heterogeneities and local anisotropy in crimped glass wool [Гетерогенность и локальная анизотропия изделий из стекловаты]. Materials Science, 2005, no. 40, pр. 5949-5954.
    12. Mihlaynlar E., Dilma A., Ghner A. Analysis of the effect production process parameters and density of expanded polystyrene insulation boards on mechanical properties and thermal conductivity [Анализ влияния технологических параметров и плотности на механические свойства и теплопроводность вспененных теплоизоляционных плит из полистирола]. Materials and Design, 2008, no. 29, pр. 344-352.
  • Strength of Monolithic Reinforced Concrete Structures Produced with the Use of Steel Leave-in-Place Formwork
  • UDC 624.012.4:624.92
    Arkady V. GRANOVSKY, e-mail: arcgran@list.ru
    JSC Research Center of Construction, TSNIISK named after V. A. Koucherenko, 2-ya Institutskaya ul., 6, Moscow 109428, Russian FederationMoscow 109428, Russian Federation
    Igor V. NOSKOV, e-mail: noskov@npo22.com
    Nauchno-proizvodstvennoe ob'edinenie 22, Novokuznetskaya ul. 4, str. 4, off. 42, Moscow 119071, Russian Federation
    Abstract. Results of the experimental study of the strength of monolithic reinforced concrete structures (fragments of columns and wall panels) produced with the use of the leave-in-place formwork "PROSTERR21" are presented. The comparison with the results of analogous tests on the off-centre compression of prototypes produced in the standard wooden formwork is made. An effect of the use of leave-in-place formwork which acts as a shell constraining the lateral deformation of structures under compression and thus contributing to the improvement in the strength of monolithic reinforced concrete structures is shown. By results of the calculation of experimental monolithic reinforced concrete samples for compression with the use of formulas of SP 63.13330.2012, it is shown that the use of the metal leave-in-place formwork makes it possible to improve the bearing capacity of structures of columns and wall panels by 20% on average.
    Key words: metal leave-in-place formwork, experimental research, strength under compression, columns, wall panels, formwork from expanded mesh panel.
  • REFERENCES
    1. Rosati G. Test report. Department of Structural Engineering. Politecnico Di Milano, 2010. 1-3 р.
    2. Liu Yan Lemin. Application of Dipy Construction formwork mesh in building of China. Construction Technology, 2001, no. 8, pp. 29-30.
    3. Coutinho J. S. Effect of cоntrolled permeability formwork on white concrete. ACI Materials Journal, 2001, march-april, pp. 148-158.